Contents – Busbar Systems

Chapter # 1

Conductor Material

1 – 15

1.1

Introduction

01
1.2

Copper

07
1.3

Aluminum

10

Chapter # 2

Enclosure Material

17 – 22

2.1

Introduction

17
2.2

Aluminum Alloy

19
2.3

Steel

19
2.4

Stainless Steel

20
2.5

Enclosure Losses

21

Chapter # 3

Insulating Material

23 – 41

3.1
Introduction
23
3.2
Porcelain
27
3.3
Glass
29
3.4
Resin
30
3.5
Polyester Films
37
3.6
Insulating Gas (SF6 and g3)
38

Chapter # 4

Processes

43 – 68

4.1
Introduction
43
4.2
Welding
44
4.3
Jointing
52
4.4
Plating
57
4.5
Painting
59
4.6
Coating
62
4.7
Galvanizing
64

Chapter # 5

Impedance

69 – 100

5.1
Introduction
69
5.2
Resistance
69
5.3
Inductance
84
5.4
Capacitance
89
5.5
Voltage Drop
91
5.6
Conductor Configuration
93
5.7
Induced Losses
95
5.8
Power Loss & Capitalization
100
5.9
Principle Of Similitude
100

Chapter # 6

Ampacity

101 – 111

6.1
Introduction
101
6.2
Conduction
102
6.3
Convection
102
6.4
Radiation
104
6.5
Solar Radiation
105
6.6
Conductor Shape
106
6.7
Rating
108

Chapter # 7

Short Circuit Forces

113 – 132

7.1
Introduction
113
7.2
Forces
113
7.3
Stresses
126
7.4
Deflection & Resonance
128
7.5
Short Circuit Current Waveform
129

Chapter # 8

Isolated Phase Bus (IPB)

133 – 175

8.1
Introduction
133
8.2
Description
134
8.3
Theory
136
8.4
Design and Sizing
145
8.5
Construction
153
8.6
Manufacture
160
8.7
Testing
163
8.8
Installation
171
8.9
Commissioning
172

Chapter # 9

Non-Seg & Seg Phase Bus (Busduct)

177 – 198

9.1
Introduction
177
9.2
Description
178
9.3
Theory
183
9.4
Design and Sizing
188
9.5
Construction
191
9.6
Manufacture
192
9.7
Testing
193
9.8
Installation
196
9.9
Commissioning
197

Chapter # 10

Sandwich Bus (Busway)

199 – 212

10.1
Introduction
199
10.2
Description
200
10.3
Design
207
10.4
Manufacture
209
10.5
Installation
210
10.6
Commissioning
212

Chapter # 11

Cast Resin Bus (CRB)

213 – 223

11.1
Introduction
213
11.2
Description
214
11.3
Design
218
11.4
Manufacture
221
11.5
Testing
222
11.6
Installation
222
11.7
Commissioning
223

Chapter # 12

Solid Insulated Bus (SIB)

225 – 237

12.1
Introduction
225
12.2
Description
225
12.3
Design
231
12.4
Manufacture
232
12.5
Testing
235
12.6
Installation
236
12.7
Commissioning
237

Chapter # 13

Gas Insulated Bus (GIB)

239 – 257

13.1
Introduction
239
13.2
Description
242
13.3
Design
248
13.4
Manufacture
252
13.5
Testing
255
13.6
Installation
255
13.7
Commissioning
257

Chapter # 14

High Voltage Open Bus (HVOB)

259 – 277

14.1
Introduction
259
14.2
Description
259
14.3
Design
261
14.4
Manufacture
276
14.5
Testing
276
14.6
Installation
276
14.7
Commissioning
277

Chapter # 15

High Current Open Bus (HCOB)

279 – 288

15.1
Introduction
279
15.2
Description
279
15.3
Design
286
15.4
Manufacture
286
15.5
Testing
287
15.6
Installation
287
15.7
Commissioning
288

Chapter # 16

Cable Bus (CB)

289 – 303

16.1
Introduction
289
16.2
Description
291
16.3
Design
294
16.4
Manufacture
299
16.5
Testing
300
16.6
Installation
301
16.7
Commissioning
303

Chapter # 17

Busduct Accessories

305 – 318

17.1
Introduction
305
17.2
Conductor Expansion Joints
305
17.3
Enclosure Expansion Joints
308
17.4
Fire Separation Walls & Fire Stops
310
17.5
Disconnecting Link
313
17.6
Sleeves & Seal Boots
313
17.7
Anti-Condensation Heater
315
17.8
Filters, Breathers & Drain Plugs
316
17.9
Tap Off Boxes
317
17.10
Support Structure
317

Chapter # 18

Generator Connection Accessories

319 – 346

18.1
Introduction
319
18.2
Generator Circuit Breakers
319
18.3
Isolating Switches
326
18.4
SPVT Cubicles
327
18.5
Neutral Grounding Cubicle
332
18.6
Excitation Transformer Cubicle
336
18.7
Earthing Transformer Cubicles
337
18.8
Current Transformers (CT)
338
18.9
Forced Air Cooling Equipment
341
18.10
Pressurization Equipment
342
18.11
Hot Air Blower (HAB)
343
18.12
Hydrogen Leak Detection
344
18.13
Hot Spot Temperature Monitoring
345
18.14
Anti-Condensation Heater System
345
18.15
Potential Discharge (PD) Monitoring
346

APPENDIX

Bibliography
347
Publications
354
Books
355
Standards
356
Symbols & Units
359
Abbreviations
361
Index
363